Which of the Following Can Be Considered a Function of the Paranasal Sinuses

Paranasal sinuses

Author: Alexandra Sieroslawska MD • Reviewer: Dimitrios Mytilinaios Physician, PhD
Last reviewed: November 22, 2021
Reading time: 6 minutes

The paranasal sinuses are air cavities that help broadcast the air that moves in and out of the respiratory system. They are situated around the nasal cavity. They are all paired and bilateral; some are also symmetrical. The iv pairs of sinuses are:

• The maxillary sinuses
• The frontal sinuses
• The sphenoidal sinuses
• The ethmoidal sinuses

Fundamental facts

Maxillary sinuses	Superior wall - bony orbit Junior wall - alveolar bone of the maxilla Medial wall - nasal cavity Lateral and inductive walls - cheekbones Posterior wall - pterygopalatine fossa, infratemporal fossa Innervation - anterior superior alveolar, middle superior, posterior superior nerves (branches of the maxillary nerve) Vascularization - inductive superior alveolar, heart superior alveolar, posterior superior alveolar arteries (branches of the maxillary artery)
Frontal sinuses	Anterior wall - forehead and superciliary arches Superior and posterior walls - anterior cranial fossa Inferior wall - bony orbit Medial wall - contralateral sinus Innervation - supraorbital nervus, supratrochlear nerve (branches of the ophthalmic nerve) Vascularization - anterior ethmoidal, supraorbital, supratrocheal arteries (branches of the ophthalmic artery)
Sphenoidal sinuses	Anterior wall - nasal cavity Superior wall - hypophyseal fossa Inferior wall - nasopharynx and pterygoid canal Innervation - posterior ethmoidal nervus (branch of the nasociliary nerve) Vascularization - posterior ethmoidal, posterior lateral nasal arteries (branches of the ophthalmic artery)
Ethmoidal sinuses	Superior wall - inductive cranial fossa, frontal os Lateral wall - bony orbit Medial wall - nasal crenel Innervation - inductive and posterior ethmoidal nerves (branches of the nasociliary nerve) Vascularization - inductive and posterior ethmoidal arteries (branches of the ophthalmic artery)
Clinical relation	Sinusitis

This article will discuss detailed anatomy of the paranasal sinuses.

Contents

1. The maxillary sinuses
   1. Anatomy
   2. Vascularization, innervation and lymphatics
2. The frontal sinuses
   1. Anatomy
   2. Vascularization, innervation and lymphatics
3. The sphenoidal sinuses
   1. Anatomy
   2. Vascularization, innervation and lymphatics
4. The ethmoidal sinuses
   1. Anatomy
   2. Vascularization, innervation and lymphatics
5. Sinusitis
6. Sources

+ Show all

The maxillary sinuses

Beefcake

The maxillary sinuses are the largest of the paranasal sinuses. Their thin walls are often penetrated by the long roots of the posterior maxillary teeth. The superior border of this sinus is the bony orbit, and the junior edge is the maxillary alveolar bone and corresponding tooth roots. The medial border is formed by the nasal cavity, and the lateral and anterior borders are shaped past the cheekbones.

There are two spaces to the posterior of the maxillary sinuses: the pterygopalatine fossa and the infratemporal fossa.

Vascularization, innervation and lymphatics

The submandibular lymph nodes are the main destination during lymphatic drainage. The claret supply includes contributions from:

• The anterior superior alveolar artery
• The center superior alveolar artery
• The posterior superior alveolar artery

Innervation occurs through nerves of the same names as the arteries.

The frontal sinuses

Beefcake

Anteriorly, the frontal sinuses are contained by the brow and the superciliary arches. Superiorly and posteriorly, they are bordered by the anterior cranial fossa. The inferior border of the frontal sinuses is formed by the bony orbit, the anterior ethmoidal sinuses, and the nasal crenel. Medially, the sinuses face one another and are separated by the midline.

The two sinuses in this pair are not identically shaped, and these sinuses are underdeveloped at birth. They reach their full size and shape around the age of seven or eight years.

Vascularization, innervation and lymphatics

The frontal sinuses drain primarily into the ethmoidal infundibulum, and the corresponding lymph drainage occurs via the submandibular lymph nodes. The sinuses are innervated by the ophthalmic nerve, including the supraorbital and supratrochlear branches.
The frontal sinuses are supplied past:

• The inductive ethmoidal artery
• The supraorbital artery
• The supratrochlear artery

The sphenoidal sinuses

Beefcake

The most posterior of all the sinuses in the head, the sphenoidal sinuses are big and irregular, only similar their septum, which is formed by the sphenoid bone. Laterally, in that location is the cavernous sinus that is part of the middle cranial fossa; the internal carotid artery and the cranial nerves III, IV, V/I, V/2 and Six can exist constitute in this region also.

The anterior wall separates this pair of sinuses from the nasal cavity. Superiorly, they are separated from the nasal crenel by the hypophyseal fossa, the pituitary gland, and the optic chiasm. Inferiorly, they are separated from the nasal cavity past the nasopharynx and the pterygoid canal.

Vascularization, innervation and lymphatics

Lymphatic drainage from the sphenoidal sinuses occurs in the same way as from the posterior ethmoid sinus. The posterior ethmoidal avenue and the posterior lateral nasal branches supply the sphenoidal sinuses.

The posterior ethmoidal nerve and the orbital co-operative of the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate these sinuses.

The ethmoidal sinuses

Anatomy

Superior to the ethmoidal sinuses are the anterior cranial fossa and the frontal bone. The orbit tin can be found laterally, while the nasal cavity is situated medially. The ethmoidal sinuses are unique considering they are the only paranasal sinuses that are more than complex than just a single crenel.

On each side of the midline, anywhere from three to xviii ethmoidal air cells may exist grouped together. These air cells are smaller individual sinuses grouped together to grade ane big one that encompass the anterior, middle, and posterior nasal meatuses.

Vascularization, innervation and lymphatics

Lymphatic drainage from the anterior and middle ethmoid sinuses flows to the submandibular lymph nodes, while the posterior ethmoid sinus drains to the retropharyngeal lymph nodes.

The anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries and the posterior lateral nasal branches provide blood supply to this region. The ethmoidal sinuses are innervated by the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves and by the posterior lateral superior and junior nasal nerves.

Sinusitis

Sinusitis is an extremely mutual outpatient condition; information technology presents as inflammation in the epithelia of the sinuses. Information technology tin can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection or past an allergic reaction. This inflammation can be acute or chronic and near oft affects the maxillary sinuses. Antivirals, antibiotics, and antihistamines are prescribed in persistent cases.

Sources

All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and beefcake experts. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. Kenhub does not provide medical advice. Yous can learn more nearly our content creation and review standards by reading our content quality guidelines.

References:

• Neil Southward. Norton, Ph.D. and Frank H. Netter, Medico, Netter's Caput and Neck Beefcake for Dentistry, second Edition, Elsevier Saunders, Chapter 12 The Paranasal Sinuses, Folio 300 to 324.

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